EDX1170 - Foundations of Language and Literacies Essay

EDX1170 - Foundations of Language and Literacies - Essay Example The comparative analysis will focus on two transcripts one designed in a school and a classroom setting and the other transcript is designed to suit home setting. From these transcript a discussion on how the scaffold cycle is applicable in various environmental settings. The conversation and interactions in the essay will be the focus of the discussion. The first transcript involves a dialogue between a Sarah and her mother and later owns her aunt joins the conversation. The eggs are used to test Sarah’s cognitive skills. Sequences of question suggest the nature in which children acquire this skill (O’Neill, 2009). The child has the ability to identify their surrounding and apply their literacy capability to differentiate what he knows from new elements. The foreign elements are essential in designing pedagogy. Cognitive skills are all about knowing the soundings and children relates to these new elements to prior knowledge acquired in different settings (Byrnes & Wasik, 2009). Sarah understanding and interpretation of the questions asked by the mother shows her ability to connect school concepts to the different questions asked by her mother. The child needs to study the environment and be able to recognize the new elements being introduced. The ability to recognize the language being used in different settings assis ts the child to recognize the new elements. The child is able to respond effectively to her mother and is able to counter any complex scenario introduced by her mother. The concept also is illustrated in transcript two where the students effectively respond to questions that indirectly relate to the book understudy. The general concepts of the student’s relate directly to their cognitive skills. They use the text to draw lifetime experiences. The first transcript reflects the on the ability of Sarah to relate the surrounding to the text. Sarah’s dialogue

Radiofrequency catheter ablation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Radiofrequency catheter ablation - Case Study Example His medication history suggested that he was initially placed on amiodarone for his problems; however, it led to significant side effects of hypothyroidism and gastrointestinal upset. These could have implications on his baseline cardiac disease, and hence it was decided that he be weaned off the medicine, and about 3 months back, he was placed on bisoprolol 2.5 mg in case of tachycardia. He continued to drive for another half an hour and at 1300 hours, when he came back home, he took a 2.5 mg tablet of bisoprolol. From his experience of similar attacks, he found that at this time, the heart beats were taking a longer time to normalise, and in fact, they did not normalise at all, although were slowing. He had previous episodes of atrial fibrillation and had been cardioverted for three occasions in the past. He could recognise that this time, he was not feeling like he had an atrial fibrillation. Thus he was brought in an ambulance to the emergency department. His past medical history is significant for having had rheumatic fever at his age of 12 which was complicated by questionable mild aortic valve incompetence. He was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation for which he was cardioverted in three occasions. In the year 1984, he was diagnosed with Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome. ... He is on thyroxine 120 mg once daily and warfarin 8 mg daily as a prophylactic. His family history is positive strongly for stroke. He is a company director for sales; he is a teetotaler and does not smoke cigarettes. On examination, he looks well with vitals as charted, The mechanical heart click is audible on cardiac auscultation. His chest is clear. Abdomen is soft and nontender. ECG appears to have p waves, demonstrated short PR interval and appearance of delta waves. The treatment plan as decided was to have a Cardiology review. He would be placed on a cardiac monitor. Routine blood needs to be done with a chest X-ray. IV access would be established. This approach has been supported by studies and reports. The impression at this point in time was Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW) with now slowing tachycardia. The best course of events would be to repeat an electrophysiological study (EPS) followed by a cardio ablation of the accessory pathway. In this assignment, the underlying basic sciences linking his WPW syndrome, EPS, and ablation will be discussed based on the available evidence from literature. Discussion Cardiac Conduction In all striated muscle cells, muscle contraction is triggered by a phenomenon of rapid voltage change. This is called an action potential. Action potentials occur on the cell membrane. However, action potentials on cardiac muscle cells differ considerably from those arising from the skeletal muscle cells. These differences are important since cardiac contraction has autonomous rhythmic excitation demanded by the physiology, and in normal circumstances this is involuntary. There are three important pathways that promote such synchronous rhythmic

Murder Of Duncan In Macbeth

Murder Of Duncan In Macbeth Duncans murder, in the play Macbeth by William Shakespeare, was a complete disaster. This deed, performed by Macbeth, but this cannot be totally blamed on him. The three witches are to blame. Their prophecies of Macbeth becoming King sparked ambition in Macbeth, causing him to suffocate himself with the ideas to turn it to reality. Lady Macbeth is also at responsible. Macbeth decides not to go ahead with the plan to kill Duncan, but, she also becomes obsessed with the idea of Macbeth being king and her becoming Queen forces Macbeth into committing the crime. Macbeth played a major role in the murder of Duncan. He, however being in control by others, he was in full control of himself. He knew what he was doing and did it. The three witches in the tragedy Macbeth are presented right at the beginning of the play. They recount to Macbeth three prophesies. That Macbeth will be Thane of Glamis (that he already is), Thane of Cawdor and King All hail Macbeth ,that shalt be King thereafter. Macbeth takes this into account and asks them to tell him more meaning that Macbeth may believe that he will become king. These advices introduce Macbeth to ideas of greatness. When the first prophecy comes true, Macbeth talks aside to Banquo Two truths are told as happy prologues to the swelling act of the imperial theme (1.3.140-141). Macbeth is telling Banquo that so far the witches have told him things that have come true, so it seems to him that this will culminate in him becoming king. In the second visit, the witches reveal to Macbeth three apparitions. The first apparition warned Macbeth about Macduff, Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff. Beware the thane of Fife. Dismiss me. Enough. The second apparition tol d Macbeth that no man born from a woman will harm him, Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of women born shall harm Macbeth. The third apparition said that Macbeth never be defeated until Birnam Wood marches to fight him at Dunsinane Hill. Be lion-mettled, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him. Macbeth does not care anymore about anything expect killing Macduff , because he thinks Birnam woods will never march to fight him , and there is no such thing as a man not born from a women , so , hes all out of harm. Macbeth chooses to kill Macduff because the witches said to watch out for him. If the witches would have never told him to watch out for Macduff he would not have decided to kill him. The play Macbeth is a play about killing and greed. After the witches prophesize his future and becoming king, he decides t o kill to get to the position of king. The witches have control over Macbeth throughout the play. Macbeth follows his conscious in choosing to do wrong. Macbeth fights at times between right and wrong but, because of what the witches have told him he decides to do everything wrong, so he can take a step higher in his journey up the ladder to king. Lady Macbeth plays a major role in influencing her husband to take the path he did. She serves much the same role as the witches do in manipulating Macbeth to murder Duncan, but her influence is more frightening nature. She would always question his manliness to commit the murder, Lady Macbeth desire to see her husband succeed so much, that shed tell him anything to get him to kill Duncan. She worries that Macbeth is too full o the milk of human kindness(1.5.16-17) that he is really too good inside to follow through with killing Duncan. (Ironic, then, that she is the one later who cannot make herself stab Duncan as he reminds her too much of her father.) There is proof that Lady Macbeth understands Macbeths thoughts and feeling are visible in her thoughts. Thou wouldst be great; Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it. (1.5.19-21). From the very same speech and small implications from the letter, Macbeth was ambitious enough to want to be the King, but wou ld not think of murdering Duncan. Lady Macbeth knew this, she also knew that she would have to push Macbeth into performing the deed and she starts by telling him Thy letters have transported me beyond this ignorant present and I feel now the future in the present (1.5.62-65). Lady Macbeth explains to Macbeth telling him that she feels that future is almost present. During the play we see that Macbeth just wants to be Thane of Cowdar. However, Lady Macbeth starts to influence him again, but this time she questions his manhood, saying When you durst do it, then you were a man: And to be more then what you were you would be so much more the man. (1.7.55-56). Then after Macbeth is influenced by Lady Macbeth and kills Duncan, Not only she got him to commit the murder, she even knew what to say after he had started thinking about the murder. Lady Macbeths manipulation to Macbeth had affected him, when she would question his manhood and show how much she loves her husband, she would touch his weakness. Thats how she got him to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth plays a major role in the responsibility of Duncans death. Macbeth was the one who stabbed the king, and he freely admits this during the play. I have done the deed Macbeth relates to his Lady after he completed the objective (2.2.19). Macbeth was never forced to the deed, he did it because he was ambitious. Macbeth, the Thane of Glamis and the Thane of Cawdor, holds the major responsibility for the death of Duncan. He was the one who performed the murder by his own hands. He was ambitious and understood the relation of the foretelling. Finally, Macbeth understood and accepted the plan for the murder of the King. In these three ways, Macbeth bore the leading burden for the death of Duncan. The responsibility of Duncans murder falls on everyones head, the three witches, Lady Macbeth and Macbeth. The witches are responsible because they recounted to Macbeth three prophesies. That led him to kill Duncan and Macduff. When the witches told Macbeth that he is going to become Thane of Cowdar, and that prophecy became true, he started thinking how he could become king. Then in the second visit they warned Macbeth about Macduff. Macbeth was like a ring in the witches hands, whenever they told Macbeth to do something, he would do it. Lady Macbeth also holds the same responsibility as the witches. Lady Macbeth would hit on Macbeths weakness, and attack with her love, and ask him if he was a real man or not. The only way Lady Macbeth could get Macbeth to commit the murder was when she would question is manliness. The only thing that Lady Macbeth wanted was to see her husband successful, either by committing a murder or anything else. Macbeth was responsible for everything as well, Macbeth was never forced to do anything, the witches nor did Lady Macbeth force him to commit any murder. No one is forced to do anything, he should have thought before he did anything. The responsibility of Duncans murder is clear, that all five characters are responsible.

psychology Essay -- essays research papers

Chapter 2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article is from the April 2003 issue of Psychology Today. In chapter 2, behavior is the main topic. Behavior is a bit unexplainable , but it can be put into form of patterns or predictions. Also, behavior is uncontrolled, but can be changed to a small degree with the use of medicine or a good diet. This article â€Å"Fighting Crime One Bite At A Time† tells how a good diet can maybe decrease the number of rule breaking by prisoners in jail. This article relates how changing ones nutrition can change their behavior. This article showed an experiment where 231 inmates were either given vitamin supplements and the others to fake pills to see which group would break the rules more. The vitamin group broke the rules 25% less than the others did. This is pretty interesting how giving criminals the right nutrition requirements may change their behavior. Chapter 3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chapter 3 is talks about sensation and perception with our eyes. Our eyes effect how we think and perceive things. Our eye turns a wavelength into light in which the path of the light goes through the pupil then iris then to the retina, which contains cones and rods. This article from Lets Live named â€Å"Obesity Increases Cataract Risk† relates how being obese may effect the development of cataracts in your eyes. A cataract is a cloudiness or opacity in the normally transparent crystalline lens of the eye. This cloudiness can cause a decrease in vision an...

Cause-Effect Essay* Causes of Divorce

You know that divorce is more common nowdays, but do you know the causes? According to the statistics offered by INEGI in a survey practiced in 2005, 70% of the couples who get married take the decision of getting divorce. There are many reasons why they make yhis decision, but there are three main causes which are lack of communication, financial issues, and abuse. Lack of communication is one of the main causes of divorce.A marriege is on the rocks when the lines of communication fail. You cannot have an ineffective realtionship if either one of you does not discuss about his/her feelings, cannot talk about his/her mutual or personal issues, and expects his/her partner to guess what the whole problem is about. Another cause of divorce are financial issues. Money or aspects related to ot are of course a possible cause of disagreement between couples.Married couples could squabble over such issues as shared financial responsibility, unequal financial status, undisclosed financial sta te, over spending, and lack of financial support. The last cause of divorce are the ways of abuse. This does not just include intentional and habitual phusycal abuse. It may also come in the form of sexual abuse and emmotional abuse. One partner may actively seeks to degrade his/her partner through harsh language.Drug and alcohol make the person so violent; in addition, there may be no physical or verbal abuse, but the other partner would understandibly have a difficult time managing finances and daily life with an addicted spouse. Now we know that lack of communication, financial problems, and violence are the main causes why people get divorce. May be you should considet living in free union for a short time before you get married, by doing this, you can meet your partner well. It is not the best option, but if you are really in love, you can get married without any problem.

The Influence of Atheism in the Enlightenment

The Influence of Atheism on the Age of the Enlightenment While skepticism and doubt have had a presence in human thought for nearly as long as religious faith has existed, they have had a place within religious thought rather than in opposition to it for the vast majority of their existence. Doubt was generally employed by religious thinkers for the purpose of strengthening and explaining their faith, as can be seen in the numerous â€Å"proofs† for the existence of God formulated by the great theologians of the Middle Ages, such as Thomas Aquinas and Anselm of Canterbury.With the new science and philosophy of the Enlightenment, however, unbelief began to be seen as a viable alternative option that stood in opposition to faith. In addition to the popular deism of the Enlightenment, espoused by such important figures as Voltaire and Maximilien Robespierre, atheism also found its first explicit adherents among such figures of the French Enlightenment as Baron d'Holbach and Jacqu es Andre Naigeon.This new view of disbelief would have a major influence on subsequent generations of thinkers in the West as proponents of religion now had to contend with disbelief as a rival system of thought and many of the most influential philosophies, such as those of Friedrich Nietzsche and Karl Marx, supported and often assumed this concept of disbelief. Among the numerous new concepts introduced by the philosophers of the Enlightenment, one of those which have had the longest lifespan and the greatest impact has been the introduction of disbelief as a viable alternative position to religious faith, Atheism.One of the most central philosophical pursuits of the Middle Ages was the attempt to reconcile faith and reason. Medieval thinkers had inherited both the religious tradition of the ancient Middle East, which they saw as representative of faith, and the philosophical tradition of ancient Greece, which they saw as representative of reason. In their attempts to synthesize t he two, the primary question they encountered was whether the existence of God, the primary object of faith, could be proved through the use of reason alone. Some of the greatest thinkers who have ever lived have pored at length over this question. † One of the most remarkable features of Medieval philosophy is the centrality of this question when compared with the apparent nonexistence of any separate class of nonbelievers. Not only are there no surviving writings by or about any person espousing outright unbelief during the Middle Ages, but according to Sarah Stroumsa, â€Å"in the discussions of God's existence the actual opponents† of the philosophers examining the question â€Å"are not identified as individuals.As a group they are sometimes referred to as heretics, unbelievers, materialists, or skeptics. † Some of the greatest minds of the Middle Ages, then, dedicated large portions of their work to arguing against an entirely theoretical unbelief. When Ans elm of Canterbury formulated his ontological argument and Thomas Aquinas formulated his famous â€Å"five ways† to prove the existence of God, they themselves assumed doubt in their writings in order to strengthen faith through reason and to demonstrate that faith and reason are compatible and complimentary.Later, in the fifteenth century, however, William of Occam set about undoing the synthesis which had been accomplished by Anselm, Aquinas, and others like them. Occam believed that â€Å"logic and theory of knowledge had become dependent on metaphysics and theology† as a result of their work and that they had made reason subservient to faith. He â€Å"set to work to separate them again. As a result of his work to separate faith and reason, according to Richard Tarnas, there arose the psychological necessity of a double-truth universe. Reason and faith came to be seen as pertaining to different realms, with Christian philosophers and scientists, and the larger educa ted Christian public, perceiving no genuine integration between the scientific reality and the religious reality. As scientific knowledge in Europe continued to increase exponentially, the gap between faith and reason continued to widen.Faith had grown detached from reason in ever more literal interpretations of the Bible and the sola fide, or â€Å"faith alone,† dogma of Protestantism, whereas reason increasingly freed itself from reference to faith and instead found its abode in the empirical sciences and â€Å"natural theology,† an approach to religion based on reason and experience rather than speculation and appeal to revelation, of Enlightenment thinkers like Descartes. Traditional Christianity, with its miracles and saints, came increasingly to be viewed as outdated and superstitious. This was especially true in the light of Newtonian physics.A mechanistic universe which operated consistently according to a standard set of laws did not allow for â€Å"alleged m iracles and faith healings, self-proclaimed religious revelations and spiritual ecstasies, prophecies, symbolic interpretations of natural phenomena, encounters with God or the devil† and so on and so these ideas increasingly came to be viewed â€Å"as the effects of madness, charlatanry, or both. † According to Jacques Barzun, â€Å"religion as such [was] not attacked; it [was] redefined into simplicity. † In the light of this new scientific knowledge and the new views of religion it engendered, a new religious movement was needed.The new religious movement that emerged from this situation was deism. Deism allowed that â€Å"one may well be overawed by the Great Archetict and His handiwork;†13 after all, â€Å"Newton's cosmic architecture demanded a cosmic architect. †14 However, â€Å"the attributes of such a God could be properly derived only from the empirical examination of his creation, not from the extravagant pronouncements of revelation. à ¢â‚¬  The deists also prescribed that religion include much emphasis on â€Å"good morals,† as they, like the belief in a creator, â€Å"are universal† as well.This rather tenuous set of beliefs, however, could not hold for long. Samuel Clarke, an early English Enlightenment philosopher, noted in a letter to Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz that The notion of the world's being a great machine, going on without the interposition of God as a clock continues to go without the assistance of a clockmaker, is the notion of materialism and fate and tends (under pretense of making God a supramundane intelligence) to exclude providence and God's government in reality out of the world.And by the same reason that a philosopher can represent all things going on from the beginning of the creation without any government or interposition of providence, a skeptic will easily argue still further backward and suppose that things have from eternity gone on (as they now do) without any true cre ation or original author at all but only what such arguers call all-wise and eternal nature. As more thinkers began to realize this, â€Å"the rationalist God †¦ soon began to lose philosophical support. Disbelief was no longer just the doubt and needs for â€Å"proofs† that had been present in Medieval thought. It was no longer theoretical and it was no longer subservient to the needs of religious thinkers in their attempts to strengthen the case for faith. Disbelief had become a new and distinct religious category in its own right. Later generations of Western thinkers (drawing on the thought of the Enlightenment in religious matters just as they did in political and economic matters) carried on the Enlightenment's new movement of disbelief.According to Richard Tarnas, It would be the nineteenth century that would bring the Enlightenment's secular progression to its logical conclusion as Comte, Mill, Feuerbach, Marx, Haeckel, Spencer, Huxley, and, in a somewhat differ ent spirit, Nietzsche all sounded the death knell of traditional religion. The Judaeo-Christian God was man's own creation, and the need for that creation had necessarily dwindled with man's modern maturation. Most Western philosophy after the Enlightenment, in fact, no longer felt the need to even argue for or against the existence of God.Rather, philosophers like those named by Tarnas as well as many others simply assumed the nonexistence of God as a fact and formulated their philosophy without regard to the existence of a deity. Ludwig Feuerbach, one of these nineteenth century philosophers who built on the work of the Enlightenment philosophers, stated explicitly that The question as to the existence or non-existence of God, the opposition between theism and atheism, belongs to the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries but not to the nineteenth.I deny God. But that mans for me that I deny the negation of man. In place of the illusory, fantastic, heavenly position of man which in a ctual life necessarily leads to the degradation of man, I substitute the tangible, actual and consequently also the political and social position of mankind. The question concerning the existence or non-existence of God is not important but the question concerning the existence or non-existence of man is.For the philosophers of the Middle Ages, Renaissance, and even the Enlightenment, â€Å"the question concerning the existence or non-existence of God† had, of course, been seen as being of the utmost following the importance of the Enlightenment. Only a philosopher who lived in the wake of the Enlightenment and accepted its presuppositions in materialism and determinism would have been able to make such a statement as Feuerbach's; his words are demonstrative of how influential the atheism of the Enlightenment had become. Though his words bout himself can only fairly be applied specifically to Feuerbach and do play an important role in his unique philosophy, much the same sent iments can with confidence be assigned to the vast majority of other great philosophers who The disbelief of the Enlightenment has also had a major effect on popular philosophy and religion, especially in Europe. According to the 2005 Eurobarometer Poll, approximately 18% of the citizens of countries in the European Union report that they â€Å"don't believe there is any kind of spirit, God or life force. 29 This is a significant change, of course, from the situation in Europe during the Middle Ages, when Anselm, Aquinas, and others like them directed their arguments for the existence of God against vague, theoretical, and unnamed â€Å"skeptics† and â€Å"heretics. † The new prominence and popularity of disbelief also had a major effect within Christianity for much the same reason. Unbelievers were now real and unbelief itself now a viable alternative to religious faith; as a result, many believers felt a need to go on the defensive.Doubt, and even any application of reason to Christianity and to issues of faith, came to be viewed as insidious enemies, not as the means to the strengthening and further understanding of faith as in previous generations. 30 In removing a rational element from faith, faith came to be ever more irrational and, occasionally in later Western history, even anti-rational, as is evidenced by the growth and influence of Christian and semi-Christian sects focused on otherworldly mysticism, ecstatic experience, and emotionalism to the exclusion of logical thought and scientific knowledge in America and Europe during and following the Enlightenment.Christian apologetic also took on a more forceful character, as Christian apologists found it necessary to concede as little as possible to the unbelievers, such as defending extremely literal interpretations of the six-day creation and worldwide flood described in the biblical book of Genesis, whereas earlier generations of Christians had generally interpreted these events in all egorical and mystical terms. 31 Christian apologists also found it necessary to attack their unbelieving opponents with a new zeal, labeling them as â€Å"missionaries of evil† and focusing the bulk of their apologetic efforts on disbelief ather than on other religions or Christian heresies. 32 The attempts to reconcile faith and reason and the use of doubt as a faith-building tool had become things of the past. Doubt has been implicit within and an aspect of religious belief for as long as religious ideas have existed. This is especially true of the Christian religious tradition, whose most intellectual adherents found reasonable arguments for the existence of God to be necessary in the course of their attempts to reconcile the inheritances they had received from both ancient Judaism and ancient Athens.The eventual reconciliation of faith with reason, though accomplished during the Middle Ages, fell apart as the Middle Ages ended, largely under the influence of William of Oc cam. With the dawn of the Enlightenment in Europe and especially the new scientific knowledge which it brought with it, the separation that had been wrought between faith and reason widened continually and ever more deeply.Deism originally rose from the â€Å"reason† side of this split as a supposedly reasonable alternative to religious superstition; it attempted to formulate a set of religious beliefs that was pared down to the basics of the existence of a creator God and a moral system he had ordained alongside the laws of the universe. As the universe and human beings themselves came to be viewed increasingly as natural machines, however, there was less and less need for the existence of a God or the plausibility of holding to a moral system based on one.With d'Holbach, atheismefound its first outspoken spokesman, extolling a worldview in which there was no God and everything that existed was part of the material world. As with much Enlightenment philosophy, this view subs equently gained such popularity and influence among philosophers that it became the assumed standpoint of later generations of philosophers. As with any great new idea, the effects became tremendous once atheism reached the ears of the people at large, reshaping the nature of both religious belief and disbelief throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and continuing through to today.